Eating Disorders & Nutrition Testing

Anorexia nervosa is a serious and potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by extreme food restriction, intense fear of weight gain, and a distorted body image. Individuals with anorexia often experience a preoccupation with food, calories, and body size, leading to significant weight loss and malnutrition. The condition can have severe medical complications, affecting cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems. Many individuals with anorexia do not recognize the severity of their condition, making early detection and intervention critical.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Extreme restriction of food intake

• Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming “fat”

• Persistent behaviors that interfere with weight restoration

• Significant weight loss or failure to meet expected weight gain in children and teens

• Preoccupation with food, dieting, and body size

• Feeling “out of control” around food when eating

• Sensitivity to cold, brittle nails, hair thinning, and dry skin

• Loss of menstrual periods in individuals assigned female at birth

• Low heart rate, low blood pressure, and dizziness

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, fasting, or misuse of laxatives. Unlike anorexia, individuals with bulimia may maintain a “normal” weight, making the disorder more difficult to recognize. Bulimia can result in serious medical complications, including electrolyte imbalances, gastrointestinal issues, and heart problems. The secrecy and shame associated with binge-purge cycles often lead to feelings of isolation.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Recurring episodes of eating large amounts of food in a short period

• Feeling a loss of control over eating behaviors

• Engaging in compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise

• Swollen cheeks or jawline due to inflamed salivary glands

• Calluses on the back of hands/knuckles from self-induced vomiting

• Tooth discoloration or enamel erosion

• Dehydration and frequent dizziness

• Frequent dieting or fluctuating weight

Binge Eating Disorder is the most common eating disorder and involves repeated episodes of eating large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort. Unlike bulimia, individuals with BED do not engage in regular compensatory behaviors such as purging. Many people with BED struggle with feelings of shame, distress, and a lack of control over their eating. The disorder can contribute to health concerns such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and gastrointestinal issues.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Eating large amounts of food in a short period, often when not physically hungry

• Eating alone due to embarrassment about food intake

• Feeling out of control when eating

• Eating rapidly, even when uncomfortably full

• Experiencing shame, guilt, or distress after binge episodes

• Frequent dieting without lasting changes in eating behaviors

• Weight fluctuations and metabolic disruptions

ARFID is an eating disorder characterized by extreme food avoidance or restriction that is not related to body image concerns. Individuals with ARFID may have sensory sensitivities, fear of choking or vomiting, or a general lack of interest in food. This condition can lead to nutritional deficiencies, growth delays in children, and difficulties in social settings involving food. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID does not involve a fear of weight gain or a preoccupation with body image.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Avoidance of specific textures, colors, or types of food

• Fear of choking, vomiting, or food-related illness

• Lack of interest in eating or food in general

• Extreme pickiness that leads to nutritional deficiencies

• Significant weight loss or failure to gain weight appropriately

• Reliance on nutritional supplements or feeding tubes

• Anxiety around eating, especially in social settings

OSFED includes eating disorders that cause significant distress and impairment but do not fit into the strict diagnostic criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or BED. This category acknowledges that many individuals struggle with serious disordered eating patterns that need treatment, even if they do not meet the criteria for a specific diagnosis. OSFED can include atypical anorexia (weight suppression without low body weight), purging disorder (purging without binge eating), and night eating syndrome.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Symptoms of anorexia, bulimia, or BED that do not meet full criteria

• Significant distress related to food and body image

• Frequent purging behaviors without binge eating

• Episodes of excessive nighttime eating

• Weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, or physical health concerns related to eating behaviors

• Feeling out of control around food but not meeting formal diagnostic criteria for BED